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Today in Currency Corner, we look at the Canadian dollar.
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So, back to the Canadian dollar. The loonie, as it’s known, after the bird which used to appear on the one dollar coins, is seen as one of the “commodity currencies”, along with the likes of the Australian dollar, the Chilean peso and the Norwegian krone.
The reason for this is, of course, that so much of Canada’s economy is built around the production of commodities – whether fossil fuels, mining metals or agriculture.
As such, the loonie tends to be strong when the commodity markets are strong and weaker when they aren’t. We saw this demonstrably in the great commodities supercycle in the early part of this century.
At the turn of the century, when oil was as low as US$10 a barrel, gold was at US$250 an ounce, and metals and grain prices were all badly beaten up and at multi-decade lows, a mere US$0.62 bought you one Canadian dollar.
But at the end of the cycle, around the time oil reached US$147 a barrel in 2007, the loonie went above parity with the US dollar. It took US$1.10 to buy you a loonie.
I can remember going to mining conferences and hearing Canadian mining CEOs laughing about how cheap US real estate was, as they bought up prime pads on golf courses amid the US property crash.
Even in 2011, the Canadian dollar was still at US$1.05. It seemed like the loonie’s strength would never end. But it did. The slide got going in 2013, and the downtrend has been pretty inexorable ever since.
Today US$0.74 gets you a loonie, and the trend is down, as the chart below shows.
As long as commodity prices remain weak, so will the Canadian dollar.
Despite this relationship, the Canadian dollar – by the standards of many other countries – is still a relatively stable currency. Canada remains the tenth-largest economy in the world. Its GDP is some US1.8trn.
The Canadian dollar is the fifth-most widely-held reserve currency after the US dollar, the yen, the euro and the pound. It accounts for about 2% of global foreign exchange reserves. Central banks tend to like it because of Canada’s relative political, economic and legal stability.
Nevertheless a downtrend is a downtrend and a bear market is a bear market and, against the US dollar, that is what the loonie is in. If commodity prices don’t turn around, that 2015-2016 low of US$0.68 beckons.
How does the Canadian dollar stack up against the pound?
This next chart shows the loonie against the pound over the past 20 years (NB when this chart is falling, the pound is falling, and the loonie is strengthening).
It’s amazing to think that in the early part of the century a pound could have bought you more than C$2.50. How times have changed.
At the peak of the commodity supercycle, a pound would have bought just C$1.50. Then of course, after 2013, as commodity prices started to go into free fall, the pound saw relative strength – so that by 2015, in the relative stability of the pre-Brexit era, the pound was above C$2 again.
Brexit has changed that, of course. In each year since that 2015 high, the pound has seen a lower high. As for where this goes now? Much of that will depend on how Brexit resolves.
The longer we remain in Brexit limbo, the longer we go nowhere. I’m not a commodities bull – but nor do I see an immediate resolution to the Brexit impasse on the horizon.
So I’m inclined to think that the pound will trade in a range between about C$1.80 and C$1.60 (and probably with a downward bias first, to re-test those 2017 lows at C$1.59).