Scan the Companies section of the FT and you find plenty of comment on large, well-known firms. But what about their smaller cousins? Comment tends to be sparse from both papers and analysts. Yet, as investor Jim Slater once noted of many large companies, “elephants don’t gallop”. Pick the right small firm, he added, and it could jump like a flea.
Long-term performance numbers confirm that size isn’t everything; over time, you’re better off investing at the small end of the company scale. And ‘value’ stocks that are cheap measured by low price/book, price/earnings and price/earnings-growth ratios tend to do best. Between 1927 and 2005, US small-cap value stocks rattled along at 12% annually, according to research by stockmarket scholars Eugene Fama and Kenneth French. By contrast, the US stockmarket overall rose by just 6.7% on an annualised basis.
It seems that small-cap stocks – sized between about $250m and $1bn – can grow faster because they’re more flexible. Their overheads tend to be lower, and they can increase their sales more rapidly than larger rivals because they have a lower market share. Yet they’re often rated lower by the market because their share registers are less dominated by the major investors to whom most analysts pander. So fewer investment firms follow them and less time is spent analysing their results. Tricks are missed and bargains go unearthed.
That’s all very well, but private investors may lack the necessary expertise, or time, to identify the good apples too. So here are two shortcuts. Look first for an out-of-favour, but recovering, market. Japan fits the bill. As fund manager Simon Somerville says, “Japan is completely unloved by everyone”, having shrunk a record 3.8% in the first three months of this year. Yet HSBC economist Seijii Shiraishi believes the economy has already “probably bottomed”.
Next, find a decent fund to remove the headache of detailed research. The Baillie Gifford Shin Nippon Investment Trust (LSE: BGS), for example, is down an eye-popping 51.5% over three years, but has recovered 22% since we recommended it two months ago. But it still trades at a discount of 15% to its asset value, so you’re buying into its investments on the cheap.